The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) officially recognized a new form of diabetes, referred to as Type 5 diabetes, in 2025. This new classification is aimed at addressing a significant gap in the medical understanding of diabetes, particularly among populations in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare is limited.
Key Points:
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Type 5 Diabetes: Previously known as malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus (MRDM), Type 5 diabetes is thought to affect up to 25 million people worldwide. Its primary cause is linked to nutrient deficiencies rather than insulin resistance, making it distinct from other diabetes types.
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Historical Context: First identified in Jamaica in 1955, Type 5 diabetes has been largely overlooked, facing classification debates and controversies over the years. The World Health Organization (WHO) withdrew its classification in 1999 due to insufficient evidence.
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Research and Recognition: The plight of Type 5 diabetes has been championed by researchers like Meredith Hawkins, who emphasize its prevalence in regions suffering from food insecurity. The IDF has established a working group to create formal diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines.
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Pathophysiology: Unlike Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, Type 5 is marked by compromised pancreatic function due to prolonged nutritional deficiencies. Current treatments for other diabetes types might not be suitable and could potentially harm individuals with Type 5.
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Implications: This classification could enhance awareness and funding for research, ultimately leading to better management strategies and improved health outcomes for millions of affected individuals.
The recognition of Type 5 diabetes underscores the ongoing need for greater understanding and resources in addressing malnutrition and its health impacts globally.
