The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has introduced a new licensing category for spacecraft called Variable Trajectory Space Station (VTSS) within its recent overhaul of space licensing rules. This new category is intended for spacecraft that do not conform to traditional geostationary (GSO) or non-geostationary (NGSO) regulatory frameworks, allowing for a broader range of emerging space activities.
Key Aspects of the VTSS Framework:
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Definition of VTSS:
- A VTSS system encompasses one or more space stations that operate beyond geosynchronous orbit or without predictable orbital patterns, all under a single call sign.
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Operational Envelope:
- Applicants must define an operational envelope, detailing the range of altitudes and inclinations to accommodate the variable trajectories of these spacecraft. This allows licensees to operate within defined parameters without needing constant modifications to their license.
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Tailored Regulatory Framework:
- Unlike certain NGSO systems, VTSS systems are exempt from traditional deployment milestones and surety-bond requirements. The default license term is set at 20 years.
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Licensing Requirements:
- VTSS applicants must address specific safety and operational guidelines, including spacecraft trackability, collision avoidance, ephemeris and covariance data, and operational plans for rendezvous and proximity operations (RPO).
- Additional information is required for missions extending beyond conventional GEO operations, particularly regarding communications with other celestial entities.
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Transition Rules:
- Existing Part 25 licensees cannot automatically convert to Part 100 but may do so under certain conditions. Pending applications will be reviewed based on the rules in effect at the time of their submission.
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Closure of ISAM Proceeding:
- The FCC has closed its separate In-Space Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM) proceeding, as the new VTSS framework is seen as sufficient to accommodate those missions.
The introduction of the VTSS category reflects the FCC’s adaptive approach to the evolving landscape of space operations, recognizing the need for flexible regulatory frameworks that accommodate innovative missions beyond traditional satellite operations. This shift aims to foster growth and safety in the burgeoning space industry.
