The analysis of records, animal bones, and artwork indicates that bear-baiting in England intensified following the Norman Conquest in 1066. This form of public entertainment, where bears were restrained and attacked by dogs, became prevalent despite the wild brown bears being extinct in Britain by that time.
The study, led by Dr. Liam Lewis and Professor Hannah O’Regan, reveals that bear-baiting was established by the 12th century, with evidence of earlier practices in both England and northern France. While records show an increase in the importation of live bears post-conquest, there’s no definitive proof the Normans introduced the practice itself.
Bear-baiting attracted sizable crowds, often held on feast days alongside other festivities. Although some medieval accounts may not be eyewitness reports, they illustrate the practice’s popularity across social classes. Bones found in various English towns reinforce the notion of live bears being used rather than just skins, suggesting significant logistical and economic implications in their care.
Recent radiocarbon dating of bear remains from Richmond, North Yorkshire, indicates that bear entertainment has much older roots than previously believed, dating back as early as the 11th century. Overall, while the evidence suggests bear-baiting became more common after 1066, it developed gradually over time rather than starting abruptly. This study has been published in the journal Society & Animals.
