China has achieved a significant milestone in renewable energy by surpassing coal capacity for the first time, with approximately 1,288 gigawatts (GW) of installed solar capacity compared to 1,285 GW from coal. This change, reported by the South China Morning Post, holds potential implications for global climate efforts, particularly since China is the leading emitter of greenhouse gases, contributing around 30% of global emissions.
Despite this development, experts, including Matthew Davies from Swansea University, caution that installed capacity does not always reflect actual electricity generation. Solar power generation is contingent on sunlight availability, whereas coal plants can operate continuously. Currently, coal remains a dominant source of electricity in China, although solar output rose by 15.5% in early 2023 compared to previous years, accounting for about 13% of the country’s total electricity consumption.
Davies emphasizes that this milestone marks a structural shift rather than a complete replacement of coal by solar power. To effectively reduce coal use, sustained growth in renewable generation is necessary. However, the integration of this renewable energy into the existing grid system presents a challenge.
Furthermore, the transition towards solar energy will also drive down global solar panel costs, given China’s vast manufacturing capabilities. However, there are calls for ensuring that the entire production process is sustainable, from raw material sourcing to panel recycling.
Davies adds that enhancing local manufacturing could bolster supply chains and strengthen skills, ultimately supporting equitable access to clean energy globally. The goal of the energy transition is not solely to replace fossil fuels but also to provide reliable and affordable power to those currently lacking electricity access.
