Two individuals can absorb varying amounts of calories from the same dish.

The article discusses the complexities surrounding calorie absorption and digestion. Key points include:

1. Microbial Influence: The trillions of microorganisms in our intestines play a crucial role in digesting food, possibly affecting the calories absorbed.

2. The DAMM Model: Researchers at Arizona State University developed a mathematical model called DAMM (digestion, absorption, and microbial metabolism) to better estimate energy dynamics post-consumption, taking into account microbial contributions.

3. Limitations of Traditional Methods: The traditional Atwater method of calculating caloric values does not consider how gut bacteria process indigestible substances like fiber, which can lead to different calorie absorption rates in individuals.

4. Study Findings: A study involving two distinct diets demonstrated that those on a high-fiber diet absorbed fewer calories but did not feel hungrier. The new model showed a more accurate representation of calorie absorption compared to traditional methods.

5. Energy from Short-Chain Fatty Acids: The model indicated that short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbes contribute significantly to caloric intake, providing about 140 additional calories daily.

6. Future Research: Scientists plan to expand the DAMM model as they uncover more about digestion, metabolism, and the interactions between diet and gut microbes.

For further details, including insights on how these findings relate to obesity and metabolic diseases, the full study is available in the journal PLOS One.