The scoping review published in BMC Geriatrics highlights the complex relationship between older adults and pet ownership. While pets offer significant benefits such as companionship, increased physical activity, and social connection, they can also create challenges like financial strain and self-neglect. Led by Carolyn Murray and her team, the study systematically analyzed data from various sources, ultimately examining 100 records, primarily from the U.S. and Canada.
The researchers used a socioecological framework to categorize findings at different levels—individual, interpersonal, community, and organizational. Pets were shown to alleviate loneliness and encourage social interactions, particularly benefiting dog owners by promoting physical activity. However, the study cautioned against idealizing pet ownership, revealing potential pitfalls, including neglecting personal needs to care for pets.
The review critiques the lack of attention on structural factors, such as community resources and policies that govern pet ownership in residential care homes. This oversight could lead to increased hardship for older adults as they face transitions in living conditions while trying to maintain their relationships with pets. Additionally, the impact of pet loss on older adults raises concerns about the emotional challenges of grief and guilt when companions are lost or given up.
The authors call for a shift in focus toward understanding community and policy-level changes that could support older adults in maintaining their bonds with pets. The study aims to encourage further research and policy development to ensure that the benefits of pet ownership can be maximized without compromising the wellbeing of older adults.
