The ketogenic diet, often simply referred to as keto, is named for its remarkable ability to induce a state known as ketosis. In this metabolic condition, the body shifts from utilizing sugar for energy to burning fat. While the diet has sparked considerable debate due to its high-fat and extremely low-carbohydrate nature—contrary to the traditional low-fat dietary recommendations—it has garnered attention for its potential health benefits.
Particularly notable is the keto diet’s historical application in managing certain medical conditions, notably epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. In the 1920s, before insulin was discovered, it served as a crucial method for controlling diabetes, notably due to its effectiveness in lowering blood sugar levels.
In an intriguing study conducted by Lessard, it was found that individuals with elevated blood sugar levels often had reduced exercise capacities. This prompted her to investigate whether the ketogenic diet could enhance exercise responses, ultimately improving physical endurance.
For the study, mice were placed on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and were given the opportunity to exercise on running wheels. The results indicated notable physiological adaptations, with the mice developing a greater proportion of slow-twitch muscle fibers—recognized for their endurance-promoting properties.
“Their bodies became more efficient at utilizing oxygen, which is indicative of an enhanced aerobic capacity,” Lessard explained.
While acknowledging the numerous benefits of exercise across all body tissues, including fat tissue, Lessard noted that significant health improvements are unlikely to arise from diet or exercise alone.
“What we are discovering from this and other studies is that diet and exercise don’t operate in isolation,” said Lessard, who is also affiliated with the Department of Human Foods, Nutrition, and Exercise at Virginia Tech’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. “The combined effects are crucial, and we can maximize the benefits of exercise by concurrently maintaining a healthy diet.”
Looking ahead, Lessard intends to continue her research with human subjects to determine if they experience similar benefits from the keto diet as observed in mice.
However, she also points out that adhering to the ketogenic diet can be quite challenging. Alternatives like the Mediterranean diet may offer a more manageable option while still delivering effective results. This diet supports low blood sugar levels by allowing carbohydrates, but sources them from unprocessed fruits, vegetables, and whole grains instead of entirely eliminating them.
“Our previous studies demonstrate that any strategy coordinating with your doctor to lower blood sugar levels can prove effective,” she concluded.
